A descriptive study and comparative analysis of the variable morphology in the contemporary populations by using the standard craniometric and osteometric methods of forensic anthropology. The material consists of 105 modern Thai specimens that are curated at Maharal Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital, Faculty of Medicine Chiang Mai University and 94 modern Hong Kong skeletons from the collection that is housed at Prince Philip Dental Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong.

This research has two main purposes: firstly, the variation of the biologically characteristics or phenotype between the modern populations in Southeast Asia like Thais and the modern populations in East Asia such as Hong Kongers. And secondly, the sexual dimorphism between intra- and inter-population.

The results revealed that there are population differences between Thais and Hong Kongers both the cranial shape, components of facial height, orbital breadths, and mandibular morphology. While Thais have larger heads, Hong Kongers have longer forearms, legs, and the total limb lengths more than Thais. In addition, modern Thais are more similar to modern Southeast Asians as modern Hong Kongers are related to modern East Asians.

Based on the analysis of sexual dimorphism, both Hong Kong males and females had greater overall mean dimensions than Thai males and females. But Hong Kong population were less sexually dimorphic than Thais. Lastly, when using stepwise discriminant function analysis of the humerus and the femurs in Thais, the sex classification accuracy rates were 94-96 percent.